Spring Migration Counts of Raptors and New World Vultures in Costa Rica
نویسندگان
چکیده
In both spring and autumn, millions of migratory birds of prey that breed mainly in North America, and overwinter mainly in South America, travel between these two continents via the Mesoamerican Land Corridor, numerically the most important raptor-migration flyway in the world. Although the flight has been well documented at migration bottlenecks in Veracruz, Mexico, and the canal region of Panama, the choreography of raptor migration through most of the 4,000-km corridor is not well understood. Here we report the first counts, rather than estimates, of the spring raptor migration from ten sites in central and southeastern Costa Rica using protocols developed at well-established North American watchsites. Buteo platypterus made up 76%, B. swainsoni 14%, and Cathartes aura 10% of the nine-species, 13,853-bird flight. Our results, which largely confirm earlier estimates of the magnitude, timing, and location of the flight in Costa Rica, suggest that raptors are more likely to migrate in sub-optimal conditions in the tropics than in temperate regions. Although we offer no explanation for this difference, our limited time in the field suggests that both the timing and location of raptor migration are sufficiently well known in Costa Rica to permit the effective study of migrating raptor flight dynamics there, and the establishment of a countrywide monitoring program. Accepted 17 March 2000. Resumen. Durante la primavera y el otoño, millones de aves rapaces migratorias que anidan principalmente en Norteamérica emigran a Sudamérica, viajan entre estos dos continentes a través del corredor de tierra mesoamericano, numéricamente la vía de migración de rapaces más importante en el mundo. Aunque este evento ha sido bien documentado en los cuellos de botella de la migración como Veracrúz, México y la región del Canal de Panamá, la coreografía de la migración de rapaces a través de los 4000 km del corredor no ha sido bien entendida. Reportamos los primeros conteos, mas que las estimaciones, de la migración de primavera de rapaces en diez localidades en el centro y sureste de Costa Rica mediante la utilización de protocolos desarrollados y establecidos por los sitios de conteo norteamericanos. Buteo platypterus representó el 76% de las observaciones, Buteo swainsoni el 14 %, Cathartes aura el 10 % de las nueve especies y de las 13.853 aves observadas. Nuestros resultados confirman los estimativos previos sobre la magnitud, época y ubicación de la migración en Costa Rica, lo que sugiere que las rapaces emigran bajo condiciones menos óptimas en los trópicos que en las regiones templadas. Aunque no podemos explicar el por que de esta diferencia, nuestro limitado tiempo en el campo sugiere que ambos, la época y ubicación de la migración de rapaces son suficientemente conocidas en Costa Rica para permitir un estudio de la dinámica de vuelo de la migración de rapaces y el establecimiento de un programa de monitoreo a nivel nacional.
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